Water systems of ancient times relied on gravity for the supply of water, using pipes or channels usually made of clay, lead, bamboo, wood, or stone.Hollowed wooden logs wrapped in steel banding were used for plumbing pipes, particularly water mains.
A pipe is typically formed via casting or welding, whereas a tube is made through extrusion.
Pipe normally has thicker walls and may be threaded or welded, while tubing is thinner-walled and requires special joining techniques such as brazing, compression fitting, crimping, or for plastics, solvent welding. These joining techniques are discussed in more detail in the piping and plumbing fittings article.Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing#MaterialsGalvanized steel potable water supply and distribution pipes are commonly found with nominal pipe sizes from 3?8 inch (9.5 mm) to 2 inches (51 mm).
Steel pipe has National Pipe Thread (NPT) standard tapered male threads, which connect with female tapered threads on elbows, tees, couplers, valves, and other fittings.
Galvanized steel (often known simply as "galv" or "iron" in the plumbing trade) is relatively expensive, and difficult to work with due to weight and requirement of a pipe threader. It remains in common use for repair of existing "galv" systems and to satisfy building code non-combustibility requirements typically found in hotels, apartment buildings and other commercial applications. It is also extremely durable and resistant to mechanical abuse. Black lacquered steel pipe is the most widely used pipe material for fire sprinklers and natural gas. Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlumbingGaskets are mechanical seals, usually formed like a ring and used for sealing of flange joints.In general, gaskets should not be reused.
Ring Joint Gaskets are used with Ring Type Joint (RTJ) flanges.
They are available in octagonal or oval cross sections. A very high surface stress is developed between an RTJ gasket and the flange groove when RTJ is bolted up in a flange.
This leads to plastic deformation of the gasket.
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting.